stepper motor : definition and diagram

Stepper motors are electric motors controlled by digital pulses rather than by providing a continuous voltage. Pulse train is translated into rotation shaft, where each round requires a specified number of pulses. One pulse produces a rotation or a step increase, which is part of one full rotation. Therefore, the calculation of the number of pulses can be applied to obtain the desired number of rounds. Pulse calculations showed the amount of rotation is automatically made, without requiring the information back (feedback).

one step pulse motor stepper

one step pulse motor stepper

Stepper motor motion control accuracy is primarily affected by the number of steps per rotation; more and more number of steps, the more accurate the resulting motion. For higher accuracy, several stepper motor drivers dividing into half the normal step-step (half step) or micro-step

half step

stepper motors configuration

Different parts of the stepper motor which is composed of the rotor, stator, bearings, chassis and axle. Axis represents the handle of the rotor where the axis represents the center of the rotor, so that when the rotor spin axis rotating part. Stator plate has two parts, namely the core and windings. Plate core of the stepper motor is usually fused with the casing. Stepper motor casing made of aluminum and serves as a holder bearing and the stator holder is four of the baud. Inside stapper motor has two bearings are bearings top and bottom bearings.

stator motor

rotor motor stepper

basically, Stepper motor is classified into three types, namely:

a. Permanent Magnet (PM)

As the name implies, PM stepper motor type has a permanent magnet rotor. Usually low have speed, a tool with low torque and angle a big step, could be 45 or 90 degrees

pm hybrid motors stepper

Picture above is a simple 90 degrees of permanent magnet permanent magnet motor with four phases (AD).

b. Variable Reluctance (VR)

Stepper motor rotor type has a unique shape is cylindrical and has a serration on all units that have a relationship with the stator poles. This type of magnet rotor does not use permanent magnets. Entwined by the stator windings so that when teraliri currents, the stator will produce a magnetic pole. The number of serrations in the rotor will determine the pace, or step motors. PM stepper motor manifold differences with VR which has VR type torque motor which is relatively smaller compared with PM type stepper motors. Another thing that can be seen is the remnant magnetization is very small so that when the stepper motor is not energized then when there is no torque is playing against. Step angle stepper motor varies the type of this VR approximately up to 30o. VR type stepper motor has a small torque. Often found on the printer and manufacturer of instruments that do not require light a large torque.

Variable Reluctance (VR)

As in the picture above, the motor has three pairs of stator poles (A, B, C) that is set apart 15 degrees. Flow channeled to the poles of A through the motor windings which causes the magnetic pull of the rotor teeth align kekutub A. if we give the energy kekutub B, it will cause the rotor to rotate 15 degrees parallel to the polar B. This process will continue kekutub C and back kekutub A clockwise.

c. Permanent Magnet – Hybrid (PM-H)

Permanent magnet stepper motors hybrid is an improved version in which the stepper motor has a top speed torque 1000step/detik but also has a large enough so that it can be said that the PM-H is a stepper motor combination of PM and VR stepper motors. Hybrid motors combine the best characteristics of variable reluctance motors and permanent magnet motor. This motor is built with a lot of pole-tooth stator and rotor permanent magnets. Standard hybrid motors have 200 rotor teeth and rotates at a 1.8 degree step angle. Because of the high torque and dynamic show as well as high-speed spin with the motor is used on a very broad application.

Permanent Magnet – Hybrid (PM-H)

Viewed from the stepper motor windings divided into two types:

a. Unipolar stepper motor

Unipolar stepper motor consists of two loops with a center tap. Center tap of each coil there is a separate cable is connected there is also a center tap in it so that only one cable coming out. For stepper motors that exist in each center at him – each input wire windings are 6 wire. But if the center facing him already connected on the cable inputannya just 5 cables. Center tap of the stepper motor can be connected to earth or there is also a link to + VCC it is strongly influenced by the driver used. As an illustration can be seen unipolar stepper motor construction in the following figures:

Motor Stepper Unipolar

b. Bipolar stepper motor

Bipolar stepper motor has two windings of the type unipolar difference is that the type of bipolar windings do not have a center tap. The advantages of bipolar type which has a greater torque when compared with the unipolar type for the same size. In this type of stepper motor only has four input cable. However ntuk stepper motor drive of this type is more complicated if compared with the unipolar type stepper motor drive. As an illustration can be seen the construction of a bipolar stepper motors in the following figures:

b. Motor Stepper Bipolar

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