The range of microcontrollers now available developed because the features of the MCU used in any particular circuit must be as closely matched as possible to the actual needs of the application. Some of the main features to consider are :
1 Number of inputs and outputs.
2 Program memory size.
3 Data RAM size.
4 Nonvolatile data memory.
5 Maximum clock speed.
6 Range of interfaces.
7 Development system support.
8 Cost and availability.
pic 16F877 Pin-out
The PIC16F877A is useful as a reference device because it has a minimal instruction set but a full range of peripheral features. The general approach to microcontroller application design followed here is to develop a design using a chip that has spare capacity, then later select a related device that has the set of features most closely matching the application requirements. If necessary, we can drop down to a lower range (PIC10/12 series), or if it becomes clear that more power is needed, we can move up to a higher specification chip (PIC18/24 series). This is possible as all devices have the same core architecture and compatible instructions sets. The most significant variation among PIC chips is the instruction size, which can be 12, 14, or 16 bits. The A suffix indicates that the chip has a maximum clock speed of 20 MHz, the main upgrade from the original 16F877 device. These chips can otherwise be regarded as identical, the suffix being optional for most purposes. The 16F877A pin-out is seen in Figure 1 and the internal architecture in Figure 2 . The latter is a somewhat
simplified version of the definitive block diagram in the data sheet.
PIC16F877 MCU Block Diagram
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