The first recorded use of a magnetic compass was in 2634 B.C., when the Chinese suspended a piece of naturally occurring magnetite from a silk thread and used it to guide a chariot over land [Carter, 1966]. Much controversy surrounds the debate over whether the Chinese or the Europeans first adapted the compass for marine [...]
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Multi Degree of Freedom Vehicles
Multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) vehicles have multiple drive and steer motors. Different designs are possible. For example, HERMIES-III, a sophisticated platform designed and built at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Pin et al., 1989; Reister et al., 1991; Reister, 1991] has two powered wheels that are also individually steered (see Figure 1.13). With four independent motors, HERMIES-III [...]
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SEO AutoSense sensors
SEO AutoSense The AutoSense I system was developed by SEO under a Department of Transportation Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) effort as a replacement for buried inductive loops for traffic signal control. (Inductive loops don’t always sense motorcyclists and some of the smaller cars with fiberglass or plastic body panels, and replacement or maintenance can [...]
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Fuzzy Systems Technology
Applications that use fuzzy logic system is often considered or called as a fuzzy controller (fuzzy control). Besides, fuzzy controllers have a variety of theories used in applications such as fuzzy classification fuzzy (fuzzy clasification) and diagnosis of fuzzy (fuzzy diagnosis). This paper will present the problem in fuzzy technology and the difference between the [...]
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Typical Mobility Configurations
Typical Mobility Configurations The accuracy of odometry measurements for dead reckoning is to a great extent a direct function of the kinematic design of a vehicle. Because of this close relation between kinematic design and positioning accuracy, one must consider the kinematic design closely before attempting to improve dead-reckoning accuracy. For this reason, we will [...]
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Geomagnetic Sensors (compass) for an autonomous platform
Vehicle heading is the most significant of the navigation parameters (x, y, and O) in terms of its influence on accumulated dead-reckoning errors. For this reason, sensors which provide a measure of absolute heading or relative angular velocity are extremely important in solving the real world navigation needs of an autonomous platform. The most commonly [...]
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Most popular industrial robot
Main Applications Arc welding Cutting/Deburring Glueing/Sealing Grinding/Polishing Machine tending Material handling Most popular industrial robot IRB 2400 is the world’s most popular industrial robot in its class. It comprises a complete family of application optimized robots that maximize the efficiency of your arc welding, process and tending applications. The IRB 2400 is a real hard [...]
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Tricycle Drive
Tricycle Drive Tricycle-drive configurations (see Figure 1.7) employing a single driven front wheel and two passive rear wheels (or vice versa) are fairly common in AGV applications because of their inherent simplicity. For odometry instrumentation in the form of a steering-angle encoder, the dead-reckoning solution is equivalent to that of an Ackerman-steered vehicle, where the [...]
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Ultrasonic Transponder Trilateration
Ultrasonic trilateration schemes offer a medium- to high-accuracy, low-cost solution to the position location problem for mobile robots. Because of the relatively short range of ultrasound, these systems are suitable for operation in relatively small work areas and only if no significant obstructions are present to interfere with wave propagation. The advantages of a system [...]
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Integrated Digital Compass Sensor HMC6052
The Honeywell HMC6052 is a 2-axis Magneto-Resistive sensor plus amplifiers and analog support features essential for compassing and low magnetic field sensing. The product is offered in a 14-pin surface mount 3.5mm by 3.5mm LCC package or in bare die form. Two channels of amplified sensor signals with a set switch function allow compass system [...]
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Touch Switch And Limiting Switch
The most primitive, but often very useful, sensor is a touch switch. It is simply a pushbutton or other momentary switch that is mounted on a robot so that when the robot runs into something, the switch is triggered. The robot can detect that it has made contact with some object. Touch sensors used as [...]
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Fire Sensor (Hamamatsu UVTRON)
Uvtron Hamamatsu R2868 is a sensor that detects the existence of a flame fire that emits ultraviolet light. This sensor can detect ultraviolet emissions from a candle to the distance of 5 meters. This sensor can also detects invisible phenomena such as high voltage transmission. Figure 2 shows the response Uvtron compared with “light sun [...]
