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Long before the advent of digital electronic technology, computers were built to electronically perform calculations by employing voltages and currents to represent numerical quantities. This was especially useful for the simulation of physical processes. A variable voltage, for instance, might represent velocity or force in a physical system. Through the use of resistive voltage dividers [...]
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ARM7EJ-S processor block, core, and interface diagrams About the ARM7EJ-S processor with Jazelle technology The ARM7EJ-S processor has the ARMv5TEJ architecture with Jazelle technology featuring an enhanced multiplier design for improved Digital Signal Processing (DSP) performance.The Jazelle technology enables direct execution of Java bytecodes on ARM processors, providing the performance for the next generation of [...]
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Like bipolar transistors, SCRs and TRIACs are also manufactured as light-sensitive devices, the action of impinging light replacing the function of triggering voltage. Optically-controlled SCRs are often known by the acronym LASCR, or Light Activated SCR. Its symbol, not surprisingly, looks like Figure below. Light activated SCR Optically-controlled TRIACs don’t receive the honor of having [...]
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Priciple of operation : When voltage is applied to a zirconia electrolyte cell, oxygen is pumped trought the zirconia disc from the cathode side to the anode side because the carriers of the current flowing trhought the zirconia electrolyte is oxygen ion. By attaching a cap with a pinhole on the cathode side of the [...]
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If you’ve ever witnessed a lightning storm, you’ve seen electrical hysteresis in action (and probably didn’t realize what you were seeing). The action of strong wind and rain accumulates tremendous static electric charges between cloud and earth, and between clouds as well. Electric charge imbalances manifest themselves as high voltages, and when the electrical resistance [...]
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family such as a 74FHC573 if you go beyond 4 MHz. You can also program an extra wait state, to use slower memory. Here you will find a pdf file showing the STK200 schematics: http://www.avr-forum.com/Stk200_schematic.pdf If you use a 32 KB SRAM, then connect the /CS signal to A15 which give to the range of [...]
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Because a transistor’s collector current is proportionally limited by its base current, it can be used as a sort of current-controlled switch. A relatively small flow of electrons sent through the base of the transistor has the ability to exert control over a much larger flow of electrons through the collector. Suppose we had a [...]
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The Interrupt ReQuests (IRQ’s) of a PC is handled by two 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controllers. On the old XT’s/AT’s these were two 28 Pin DIP IC’s, but as you can imagine, things have changed dramatically since then. While the operational principal is still the same, the PIC is now integrated somewhere into your chipset, along [...]
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We will start by examining the quantum detectors, since they offer the best performance for detection of optical radiation. In all of the quantum detectors, the photon is absorbed and an electron is liberated in the structure with the energy of the photon. This process is very complicated, and we will not examine it in [...]
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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) is an electronic computer that is easy to use (user friendly), which has control functions for various types and various levels of difficulty. Definition Programmable Logic Controller (Capiel,1982) is: an electronic system that operates in digital and designed for use in industrial environments, where the system uses a programmable memory for [...]
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The Intel 82C55A is a high-performance, CHMOS version of the industry standard 8255A general purpose programmable I/O device which is designed for use with all Intel and most other microprocessors. It provides 24 I/O pins which may be individually programmed in 2 groups of 12 and used in 3 major modes of operation. The 82C55A [...]
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